$73\mathrm{.}84\mathrm{.}195$What theoretical frameworks underpin civil engineering practices, shaping the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure? Consider the principles of structural analysis, material science, fluid mechanics, and geotechnical engineering. How do these theories inform decision$-$making processes, ensuring the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of projects? Explore the role of mathematical models, computational methods, and empirical research in refining theoretical understanding and practical applications. Additionally, investigate the influence of environmental factors, socioeconomic considerations, and regulatory frameworks on the development and implementation of civil engineering theories. Ultimately, how do these theoretical foundations contribute to advancing the field and addressing contemporary challenges in infrastructure development and management?