7 - Establishing Causality LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Identify criteria to establish causality Increased sugar intake leads to higher levels of body fat. Which of the following is NOT necessary to establish causality? O a.) Look for evidence that greater amounts of sugar intake produces higher levels of body fat. O b.) Determine the physical mechanism for cause-and-effect. O c.) Complete a randomized trial. O d.) Check if higher levels of body fat is present or absent when increased sugar is present or absent. SUBMIT MY