$7.$ The attacker encrypted the critical customer data, including account details and transaction histories. The attackers demand a substantial ransom for the decryption key, threatening to release sensitive information if the payment is not made.

Question:

$1.$ Analyze each of the attacks given above and write a detailed report by identifying the vulnerability exploited, type of the attack and your recommendations that what security measures should the company take to stop any of such attacks in future.