7:50 TR e R ] ...olearning.brightspace.com (f = &0 Assignments > View Feedback Feedback for EC1004 Assessment Submission (Attempt 2) Submission Feedback Overall Feedback Victoria, You need to ensure you are following the correct format, quoting and citing all outside sources, and that your voice is the main one in the essay. Please review my feedback from your first attempt and the extensive feedback | left on your second draft. Please use the templates in this link: https:/academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcent er/templates Please note, if you fail your third attempt, you will need to petition to the academic authorities for a fourth attempt. Best, Prof. Esther Rubric Name: EC1004 Rubric B7H EC1004 Rubric b Level achieved: O - Not Present Score Not Yet Achieved Feedback Date 7:51 L e ()11 TR cEa ] EC1004 ROUGHD... v Community Policing and Police Accountability Adeyemi Victoria Ayoku Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Walden University COURSE: EC1004 Developing a Rough Draft Instructor Name: Esther Rodriguez-Miranda February 2024 INTRODUCTION [No need to divide your essay by parts as this is a short essay]| \"I can't breathe,\" pleaded George Floyd in May 2020 after an officer stopped him for allegedly using a phony $20 bill. Police officer Derek Chauvin knelt on Mr. Floyd's neck for almost nine minutes, killing Mr. Floyd and sparking protests around the country that continue to this day. Amid increasing concerns surrounding police brutality in Houston, Texas, it is crucial to implement stronger accountability measures within law enforcement agencies. [ Your introduction could use more context. Great changes from the previous one!] [Transition words? Why is this placed like this? What do you want to express with this source?] Police accountability refers to the mechanisms and practices in place to hold law enforcement officers and agencies responsible for their actions and decisions. It involves transparency, oversight, and accountability measures that ensure law enforcement agencies act lawfully, ethically, and by established policies and procedures. Accountability mechanisms may include civilian oversight boards, independent investigations of misconduct allegations, and 7:52 TN ) EC1004 ROUGHD... v independent investigations of misconduct allegations, and disciplinary processes to address violations of professional standards. RAMIREZ, D. R. and T. P. (n.d.). Policing the Police: A Roadmap to Police Accountability Using Professional Liability Insurance. Northeastern Public Law and Theory Faculty Research Papers Series No. 397-2020 BobY [BHow can you better transition from the previous paragraph to this paragraph? Here is a link to help you with this: ragraphs/transitions Email me if you have questions about transitioning.] Professional Liability Insurance. [What do you want to state here?] Systemic issues contribute significantly to instances of police brutality, with two key factors being implicit bias and inadequate training. Firstly, implicit bias and racism play a pivotal role, evidenced by stark racial disparities in the use of force by law enforcement. Studies have consistently shown that individuals from minority racial and ethnic groups are disproportionately subjected to police violence, highlighting systemic biases within law enforcement agencies. . RAMIREZ, D. R. and T. P. (n.d.). Policing the Police: A Roadmap to Police Accountability Using Professional Liability Insurance. [ You need to slow down and develop your ideas. Do you have an outline?] Moreover, implicit bias, stemming from unconscious attitudes and stereotypes, influences police interactions and contributes to escalated situations, as officers may perceive individuals from certain racial or ethnic backgrounds as more threatening or dangerous. There was once a documentary on national television where a police officer reminded the public that they are humans who are in constant fear for their lives, a misreading of a situation could lead to an officer losing his/her life, he further stated the type of training they undergo, unlike in the movies, no special training on how to shoot without aiming to kill. So basically, police officers are normal humans with basic training on how to use a gun while following their instinct on how to read a situation. This only shows the large gap that needs to be filled with tactical training of police officers. [These last 3 paragraphs could be an excellent one if you work on cohesiveness. ] 7:52 TN EC1004 ROUGHD... v Moreover, implicit bias, stemming from unconscious attitudes and stereotypes, influences police interactions and contributes to escalated situations, as officers may perceive individuals from certain racial or ethnic backgrounds as more threatening or dangerous. There was once a documentary on national television where a police officer reminded the public that they are humans who are in constant fear for their lives, a misreading of a situation could lead to an officer losing his/her life, he further stated the type of training they undergo, unlike in the movies, no special training on how to shoot without aiming to kill. So basically, police officers are normal humans with basic training on how to use a gun while following their instinct on how to read a situation. This only shows the large gap that needs to be filled with tactical training of police officers. [These last 3 paragraphs could be an excellent one if you work on cohesiveness. | Secondly, inadequate training exacerbates instances of police brutality by failing to equip officers with the necessary skills and strategies to de-escalate encounters effectively. Instances abound where insufficient training leads to escalated situations, as officers may lack the tools or techniques to defuse tense interactions peacefully. RAMIREZ, D. R. and T. P. (n.d.). Policing the Police: A Roadmap to Police Accountability Using Professional Liability Insurance. [Make sure to follow APA format: https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/walden] This deficiency in training not only endangers civilians but also puts officers themselves at risk, as heightened tensions increase the likelihood of confrontations turning violent. Addressing these systemic issues requires comprehensive reforms within law enforcement agencies, including addressing implicit bias through anti-racism training and cultural competency programs, as well as enhancing training protocols to prioritize de- escalation techniques and conflict resolution strategies. By addressing these underlying systemic issues, law enforcement agencies can work towards fostering a culture of accountability, professionalism, and respect for human rights within their ranks, ultimately reducing instances of police brutality and improving community relations. [I do not see a clear distinction between both arguments. ] The solution to the problem Proposing that police officers carry insurance for police misconduct resulting from unconstitutional and intrusive policing. Secondly, a significant overhaul of training protocols is needed to equip law enforcement officers. Enhanced transparency and oversight [ You have incomplete sentences and 7:52 .0 5G+ @ ) EC1004 ROUGHD... v The solution to the problem Proposing that police officers carry insurance for police misconduct resulting from unconstitutional and intrusive policing. Secondly, a significant overhaul of training protocols is needed to equip law enforcement officers. Enhanced transparency and oversight [ You have incomplete sentences and underdeveloped ideas. You need to slow down and develop your ideas. Do you have an outline?] [What is this part? How does it fit with your paragraph structure and outline? You need to completely redo this part] COUNTERARGUMENT Impact on Police Morale: Overemphasis on accountability measures can lead to a culture of fear and mistrust within law enforcement agencies. Constant scrutiny and punitive actions against officers, even for minor infractions, may create a hostile work environment, affecting morale and ultimately hindering officers' ability to perform their duties effectively. Legal Complexity and Red Tape: Excessive accountability measures can lead to bureaucratic red tape and legal challenges that impede law enforcement's ability to address criminal activity swiftly and decisively. Officers may become hesitant to take necessary action out of fear of potential repercussions, resulting in delayed responses to emergencies or missed opportunities to prevent crimes. Deterrence of Recruitment and Retention: Heightened accountability measures could deter qualified individuals from pursuing careers in law enforcement or prompt experienced officers to leave the profession prematurely. The prospect of facing constant scrutiny and the risk of career-ending consequences may dissuade individuals from committing to a profession already facing recruitment challenges and staffing shortages. Limiting Tactical Flexibility: Stricter accountability measures may limit officers' ability to adapt their tactics to rapidly evolving situations. In high-stress and potentially dangerous scenarios, officers need the flexibility to make split-second decisions without the fear of facing severe repercussions afterward. Excessive accountability measures could undermine this flexibility, jeopardizing both officer safety and public 7:52 .1 5G+ @ ) EC1004 ROUGHD... v Limiting Tactical Flexibility: Stricter accountability measures may limit officers' ability to adapt their tactics to rapidly evolving situations. In high-stress and potentially dangerous scenarios, officers need the flexibility to make split-second decisions without the fear of facing severe repercussions afterward. Excessive accountability measures could undermine this flexibility, jeopardizing both officer safety and public security. Refutation for Police Accountability Counterargument: Impact on Police Morale: Accountability measures are not meant to instill fear or mistrust within law enforcement agencies but rather to uphold standards of professionalism and integrity. By holding officers accountable for their actions, agencies can promote a culture of responsibility and transparency, which ultimately enhances morale by reinforcing the values of fairness and justice. Legal Complexity and Red Tape: While accountability measures should be balanced to avoid unnecessary bureaucracy, they are essential for ensuring that law enforcement agencies operate within the bounds of the law and uphold constitutional rights. Clear guidelines and oversight mechanisms can streamline accountability processes without unduly hindering law enforcement's ability to carry out their duties effectively. Deterrence of Recruitment and Retention: Contrary to deterring recruitment and retention, robust accountability measures can attract individuals who are committed to upholding high standards of professionalism and ethics within law enforcement. Potential recruits are more likely to be drawn to agencies that prioritize accountability and transparency, as these values are indicative of a healthy and responsible organizational culture. Limiting Tactical Flexibility: Accountability measures should not impede officers' ability to respond appropriately to dynamic and challenging situations. Instead, they should provide a framework for evaluating officers' actions in context and ensuring that they adhere to established policies and procedures. By promoting accountability without compromising tactical flexibility, agencies can strike a balance between officer autonomy and public accountability. In conclusion, implementing a requirement for police officers to 7:52 .1 5G+ EC1004 ROUGHD... V Done Limiting Tactical Flexibility: Accountability measures should not impede officers' ability to respond appropriately to dynamic and challenging situations. Instead, they should provide a framework for evaluating officers' actions in context and ensuring that they adhere to established policies and procedures. By promoting accountability without compromising tactical flexibility, agencies can strike a balance between officer autonomy and public accountability. In conclusion, implementing a requirement for police officers to carry insurance for misconduct resulting from unconstitutional and intrusive policing is a proactive step toward promoting accountability, transparency, and responsible policing practices. By shifting financial responsibility to individual officers or their insurers [where was this explained?], we can create direct incentives for adherence to legal and ethical standards, while also enhancing oversight and risk management within law enforcement agencies. Policymakers, law enforcement leaders, and community stakeholders must advocate for the adoption of this proposal to ensure the protection of civil liberties, foster trust between police and communities, and promote the fair and just treatment of all individuals. Let us act now to enact meaningful reforms that uphold the principles of justice, equity, and accountability in policing. REFERENCES [This is not in APA format] https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/06/us/police-unions- minneapolis-kroll.html https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/13/magazine/polic e-reform.html https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/03/opinion/sunday/police- arbitration-reform-unions.html https://www.ohacep.org/aws/OACEP/asset_manager/get_file/32 599?ver=715 https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-police- officers-convicted-of-serious-crimes-still-on-thejob/437687453/ https://www.themarshallproject.org/records/462-police- accountability https://www.trustedchoice.com/professional- liability-insurance/police-officer/ RAMIREZ, D. R. and T. P. (n.d.). Policing the Police: A Roadmap to Police Accountability Using Professional Liability Insurance. Northeastern Public Law and Theory7:53 .1 5G+ EC1004 ROUGHD... V Done REFERENCES [This is not in APA format] https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/06/us/police-unions- minneapolis-kroll.html https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/13/magazine/polic e-reform.html https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/03/opinion/sunday/police- arbitration-reform-unions.html https://www.ohacep.org/aws/OACEP/asset_manager/get_file/32 599?ver=715 https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-police- officers-convicted-of-serious-crimes-still-on-thejob/437687453/ https://www.themarshallproject.org/records/462-police- accountability https://www.trustedchoice.com/professional- liability-insurance/police-officer/ RAMIREZ, D. R. and T. P. (n.d.). Policing the Police: A Roadmap to Police Accountability Using Professional Liability Insurance. Northeastern Public Law and Theory Faculty Research Papers Series No. 397-2020 Victoria, At Walden, we encourage using Al-assisted writing tools to supplement learning in the classroom, stimulate thinking, and help students brainstorm different ways to articulate thoughts when writing. Yet, Walden's guideline treats Al issues as academic integrity issues and follows the same procedure. My suggestion is that you edit your essay or re-do it, using your own voice and thought process, to avoid any plagiarism issues. Draft an outline first. If you want to learn more about Al guidelines at Walden, please click here: https://academics.waldenu.edu/artificial-intelligence. I look forward to your revised PERSUASIVE essay in your third attempt. Resubmit once you feel ready. If you have questions, please write to me at the following email address: esther.rodriguez-miranda@mail.waldenu.edu Prof. Esther