Question: 79-year-old man is admitted from the endoscopy unit after an oesophagogastroscopy. He initially presented with increasing difficulty in swallowing. However, over the preceding months, he

79-year-old man is admitted from the endoscopy unit after an oesophagogastroscopy. He initially presented with increasing difficulty in swallowing. However, over the preceding months, he has required a soft diet and is now only able to tolerate thin fluids. These symptoms have been associated with a weight loss of 10kgs over the past month. He is a heavy smoker and enjoys a half bottle of wine each evening. He has no other relevant past medical history. On examination, the patient is cachexic in appearance. The endoscopic finding shows a lump along the lower 2/3rd of the oesophagus. [15 marks] a) What is the likely diagnosis? 2 marks b) What are the risk factors? 3 marks e) How should the patient be assessed for surgery? 4 marks d) What is Neo-adjuvant therapy? 2 marks e) What are the other therapeutic options? 4 marks

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