$(8)$ A logical bus topology:

a$.$ is always used by token ring protocol LANs

b$.$ has all computers connected to each other in point$-$to$-$point connections

c$.$ is limited to short distances since devices like a hub or repeater cannot be used with this type of topology

d$.$ permits every message to be received by every computer on the bus, even when those messages are intended for other computers

e$.$ has a central control device, such as a mainframe