8. A parameter is:

a. a value obtained by using information from all the individuals of the population

b. a value obtained by using information from the individuals of a sample

c. a sample statistic

d. a representative sample from a population

9. A random variable is:

a. an observed characteristic that remains unchanged over different experiments

b. an observed characteristic that is always continuous

c. an observed characteristic that is always discrete

d. an observed characteristic whose value cannot be known in advance

10. A good survey will include:

a. clarified objectives

b. an identified population that can answers the questions

c. a survey approach that creates a sample that will be representative of your population

d. all of the above

11. Simple random sampling is a sample that is selected in such a way that:

a. each object in the sample has an equal chance of being selected

b. each possible sample of a given size has a equal chance of being selected

c. each object in the sample has an equal chance of being selected and each possible

sample of a given size has a equal chance of being selected

d. each object in the sample has an equal chance of being selected but each possible

sample of a given size does not have equal chance of being selected

12. If a researcher wants to know characteristics of the population and certain subgroups

of the population, the researcher should use:

a. simple random sampling

b. stratified random sampling

c. pilot study

d. convenience sampling

13. When conducting research, the best way to sample to ensure that your sample is

representative of your population is to use:

a. simple random sampling

b. convenience sampling

c. judgment sampling

d. quota sampling