8. In an organization chart, what do the lines between boxes designate?

• A. informal lines of communication.
• B. span of control.
• C. spatial distance between positions.
• D. formal lines of communication.
• E. a and b only.

12. Junior managers are involved in

• A. strategic planning
• B. tactical planning
• C. operational planning
• D. a and b
• E. b and c.

14. Mark the correct statement.

• A. Some dogs are more profitable than cash cows.
• B. BCG model misses information about the attractiveness of the market.
• C. GE Multifactor Matrix is a simpler model than BCG Matrix.
• D. all of the above.
• E. a and b.

15. Carol Dweck has found in her research that

• A. praising students for their intelligence is harmful.
• B. praising students for their hard work is harmful.
• C. a person with a growth mindset blames others.
• D. a person with a fixed mindset takes individual responsibility.
• E. none of the above.

18. McKinseys Framework for Change includes

• A. strategy, structure, system, style, staff, skills, and shared values.
• B. strategy, structure, and system, which are considered hard elements and style, staff, skills, and shared values, which are considered harder elements.
• C. style, staff, skills, and shared values, which are considered soft elements, and strategy, structure, and system, which are considered softer elements.
• D. all of the above.