$93\mathrm{.}23\mathrm{.}79\mathrm{.}90\mathrm{.}28$#"What are the fundamental principles governing the behavior of structural materials in civil engineering applications, and how do they influence design and construction processes? How do factors like load distribution, stress, and strain impact the stability and durability of civil structures? Additionally, what are some common methods employed to analyze and optimize structural designs for safety and efficiency? Explore the basic theories underpinning these concepts and their practical implications in civil engineering projects."