$963\mathrm{.}369$#"What are the fundamental principles governing the behavior of structural materials in civil engineering? How do these materials interact under various loads and conditions to maintain structural integrity? Discuss the basic concepts behind stress, strain, and elasticity in simple terms. How do engineers assess and mitigate potential failure in structures? Explore the importance of understanding material properties such as elasticity, plasticity, and ductility in designing safe and resilient civil infrastructure."