$($A$\mathrm{.}2)$ Use the data in the file

transition$\_$data.RData

consisting of i$.$i$.$d$.50$ year old individuals to estimate the transition rates

for transitions between the states $2$ and $1,$ as functions of age $($this only

contains very few observed deaths$).$ Each row in the file corresponds to

a contract and each column corresponds to a specific day, and all values

corresponds to the states $0,1,$ and $2.$ Is it reasonable to assume that the

rates are approximately the same over different calendar years? if not,

argue for a parametric approximation that can be used for extrapolation.