A$-3\mathrm{.}1?$Operation management theory forms the bedrock of organizational efficiency, encompassing principles like process optimization, resource allocation, and quality control. At its core, it addresses the strategic planning and tactical execution of production processes to maximize output while minimizing costs. It draws upon various methodologies such as Lean, Six Sigma, and Total Quality Management to streamline operations. How do these theories interplay in real$-$world scenarios, and what are the key challenges organizations face in implementing and sustaining effective operation management practices?