A 32-bit system with 32-bit virtual addressing uses 4 kB pages to match 4 kB frames. (i) Explain why a thoughtful engineer might choose 4-byte page table entries (PTE) and use a two-level page table in this system. [6 marks] (ii) A radical engineer decides they want finer-grained protection of memory and proposes reducing the page size to 1 kB. State what challenge this introduces, suggest two different ways it might be addressed, and discuss the associated costs.

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