A $6m$ long, $220mm$ thick reinforced concrete shear wall is subject to a maximum

tensile stress of $2\mathrm{.}6\frac{N}{m}{m}^2.$ Calculate the area of reinforcement required, in

$m{m}^2,$ if the length of the wall in tension, $L_t,$ is $1953mm.$ You may assume $f_{yk}=$

$500\frac{N}{m}{m}^2.$QUESTION $11$

A column carrying a characteristic load of $4002kN$ is to be supported on a pad foundation. The pad is to be founded on a sand with an SPT value, $N,$ of

What is the minimum area $($in $m^2)$required for the pad to ensure the allowable bearing pressure of the sand is not exceeded, assuming that the

water table is at the founding level $($i$.$e$.$ underside of the foundation$)?$