a. 8. Process capability calculations make little sense if the process: data were taken over a period of time. b. is not in statistical control. variations are due to common causes. d. is not initiated. c. a. 9. If a process is neither capable nor in control, the appropriate first step is to: remove common causes of variation. b. redesign the equipment. remove special causes of variation. d. determine the process capability index. c. a. 10. Statistical process control relies on: process capability studies b dashboards c. control charts d. metrology a. 11 If the process mean and variance do not change over time, the process is considered to be: in statistical control. b. normally distributed. stable. d. capable. c. a. 12. Which of the following is NOT an indication of an out-of-control process? Five consecutive points fall on one side of the center line. b. Four of five consecutive points fall within the outer two-thirds region between the center line and one of the control limits. c. Two of three consecutive points fall in the outer one-third region between the center line and one of the control limits. d. A single point falls above the upper control limit. a. 13 Short repeated patterns in a control chart, with alternating high peaks and low valleys, are known as: trends. b. cycles shifts. d. c. runs. a. 14. A is the result of some cause that gradually affects the quality characteristics of the product and causes the points on a control chart to gradually move up or down from the center line. defect process shift c. cycle d. trend b