Centrality on node-level properties makes reference to the relative importance and prominence of a firm in the supply chain system, where firms with higher levels of centrality are found to have more power and control over peripheral firms. Which one of the following variants does not represent the centrality measurement?

Select one:

a.

Closeness based on shorted path

b.

Brokerage based on dyadic and triadic

c.

Degree based on direct ties

d.

Betweenness based on geodesic distance