a) Based on your investigation of the data set create two well-formatted tables that illustrate some important features of the data. Your tables should have informative labels and a readable number of decimal places. Each table should include an informative caption.

b) With reference to the tables you have made, is there evidence that Bastian is a worse employee than Avery and Conchita? What do you think the manager should focus on to try and improve the overall quality of chocolate bars produced?

c) What are the limitations of this sort of data for trying to establish cause and effect?

d) How should the 240 chocolate bars used for this investigation have been selected?

Scenario. ChocoYum is a company that makes novelty chocolate bars. They have three types of mould that chocolate is poured into to create chocolate bars with different shapes. The company has three employees that work with the moulds. Recently concerns have been raised about an increasing number of misshapen chocolate bars that do not pass quality inspection. Data has been collected on the following attributes of the chocolate bars (see the file ChocoYum.xls). ID MOULD EMPLOYEE An identification number for the chocolate bar The mould used to create the shape of the chocolate bar (frog, koala, or plain) The employee that made the chocolate bar (Avery, Bastien, or Conchita) Weight of the bar in grams If the bar was deemed to pass quality inspection or not WEIGHT QUALITY The manager of ChocoYum is concerned that Bastien's bars have a higher defect rate than either of Avery's or Conchita's. However, it is possible that other variables may impact this finding. Your role is to investigate the data. ID Mould 1 frog 2 frog 3 frog 4 frog 5 frog 6 frog 7 frog 8 frog 9 frog 10 frog 11 frog 12 frog 13 frog 14 frog 15 frog 16 frog 17 frog 18 frog 19 frog 20 frog 21 frog 22 frog 23 frog 24 frog 25 frog 26 frog 27 frog 28 frog 29 frog 30 frog 31 frog 32 frog 33 frog 34 frog 35 frog 36 frog 37 frog 38 frog 39 frog 40 frog 41 frog 42 frog 43 frog 44 frog 45 frog 46 frog 47 frog 48 frog 49 frog 50 frog 51 frog 52 frog 53 frog 54 frog 55 frog 56 frog 57 frog 58 frog 59 frog 60 frog 61 frog 62 frog 63 frog 64 frog 65 frog 66 frog 67 frog 68 frog 69 frog 70 frog 71 frog 72 frog 73 frog 74 frog Employee Weight Quality Avery 102,051 okay Avery 101,276 okay Avery 101,761 okay Avery 100,514 okay Avery 97,0286 okay Avery 99,853 okay Avery 100,873 okay Avery 100,501 okay Avery 100,898 okay Avery 100,001 okay Avery 99,3634 okay Avery 99,2895 okay Avery 99,3035 okay Avery 99,3239 okay Avery 98,5662 okay Avery 102,813 okay Avery 102,956 okay Avery 98,6103 okay Avery 101,32 okay Avery 98,5231 okay Avery 97,8143 okay Avery 100,827 okay Avery 98,2314 okay Avery 99,3918 okay Avery 97,8051 okay Avery 98,5398 okay Avery 100,578 okay Avery 100,365 okay Avery 102,329 okay Avery 99,9662 okay Avery 102,429 okay Avery 98,848 okay Avery 100,597 okay Avery 98,4924 okay Avery 97,6168 okay Avery 95,1932 defective Avery 100,442 okay Avery 100,154 okay Avery 98,6812 okay Avery 98,0295 okay Conchita 97,2576 okay Conchita 98,8357 okay Conchita 100,869 okay Conchita 102,159 okay Conchita 102,696 okay Conchita 102,65 okay Conchita 102,85 okay Conchita 99,5239 okay Conchita 99,5821 okay Conchita 98,2135 okay Conchita 99,215 okay Conchita 100,302 okay Conchita 98,5528 okay Conchita 101,159 okay Conchita 100,346 okay Conchita 102,608 okay Conchita 100,482 okay Conchita 96,0579 defective Conchita 100,066 okay Conchita 98,1011 okay Conchita 97,0513 okay Conchita 99,1086 okay Conchita 99,2148 okay Conchita 95,8368 defective Conchita 97,8471 okay Conchita 102,386 okay Conchita 102,024 okay Conchita 97,6759 okay Conchita 100,174 okay Conchita 102,556 okay Conchita 100,712 okay Conchita 102,725 okay Conchita 100,669 okay Conchita 103,023 defective 75 frog 76 frog 77 frog 78 frog 79 frog 80 frog 81 plain 82 plain 83 plain 84 plain 85 plain 86 plain 87 plain 88 plain 89 plain 90 plain 91 plain 92 plain 93 plain 94 plain 95 plain 96 plain 97 plain 98 plain 99 plain 100 plain 101 plain 102 plain 103 plain 104 plain 105 plain 106 plain 107 plain 108 plain 109 plain 110 plain 111 plain 112 plain 113 plain 114 plain 115 plain 116 plain 117 plain 118 plain 119 plain 120 plain 121 plain 122 plain 123 plain 124 plain 125 plain 126 plain 127 plain 128 plain 129 plain 130 plain 131 plain 132 plain 133 plain 134 plain 135 plain 136 plain 137 plain 138 plain 139 plain 140 plain 141 plain 142 plain 143 plain 144 plain 145 plain 146 plain 147 plain 148 plain 149 plain Conchita Conchita Conchita Conchita Conchita Conchita Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien 100,132 okay 100,76 okay 101,828 okay 100,62 okay 100,69 okay 98,4703 okay 102,173 okay 102,627 okay 106,803 defective 96,6087 defective 97,4839 okay 104,598 defective 102,158 okay 96,9146 defective 99,4873 okay 103,57 defective 99,1283 okay 102,424 okay 98,9275 okay 98,4771 okay 98,8729 okay 102,515 okay 100,559 okay 97,4115 okay 93,0803 defective 104,57 defective 100,092 okay 95,9053 defective 104,704 defective 102,272 okay 99,8695 okay 101,384 okay 94,3665 defective 98,453 okay 98,1104 okay 97,8965 okay 100,954 okay 96,6734 defective 100,005 okay 102,038 okay 101,764 okay 98,3994 okay 101,583 okay 100,244 okay 104,148 defective 100,861 okay 106,218 defective 103,802 defective 97,0369 okay 100,678 okay 100,38 okay 104,423 defective 103,267 defective 98,4824 okay 92,3243 defective 96,1482 defective 101,731 okay 104,904 defective 95,2089 defective 99,9917 okay 98,3294 okay 99,982 okay 99,7112 okay 94,7545 defective 102,926 okay 101,452 okay 101,982 okay 103,941 defective 97,6613 okay 98,896 okay 100,263 okay 97,6936 okay 95,0167 defective 98,2729 okay 104,158 defective 150 plain 151 plain 152 plain 153 plain 154 plain 155 plain 156 plain 157 plain 158 plain 159 plain 160 plain 161 koala 162 koala 163 koala 164 koala 165 koala 166 koala 167 koala 168 koala 169 koala 170 koala 171 koala 172 koala 173 koala 174 koala 175 koala 176 koala 177 koala 178 koala 179 koala 180 koala 181 koala 182 koala 183 koala 184 koala 185 koala 186 koala 187 koala 188 koala 189 koala 190 koala 191 koala 192 koala 193 koala 194 koala 195 koala 196 koala 197 koala 198 koala 199 koala 200 koala 201 koala 202 koala 203 koala 204 koala 205 koala 206 koala 207 koala 208 koala 209 koala 210 koala 211 koala 212 koala 213 koala 214 koala 215 koala 216 koala 217 koala 218 koala 219 koala 220 koala 221 koala 222 koala 223 koala Bastien 97,2794 okay Bastien 102,484 okay Bastien 102,764 okay Bastien 101,509 okay Bastien 95,9998 defective Bastien 100,183 okay Bastien 98,6138 okay Bastien 103,797 defective Bastien 101,084 okay Bastien 98,3797 okay Bastien 100,506 okay Bastien 96,3503 defective Bastien 102,244 okay Bastien 99,3665 okay Bastien 101,568 okay Bastien 99,4843 okay Bastien 101,365 okay Bastien 100,601 okay Bastien 102,246 okay Bastien 102,097 okay Bastien 99,7729 okay Bastien 103,253 defective Bastien 98,335 okay Bastien 100,089 okay Bastien 103,979 defective Bastien 101,509 okay Bastien 97,8217 okay Bastien 100,593 okay Bastien 99,4087 okay Bastien 101,619 okay Bastien 100,217 okay Bastien 102,309 okay Bastien 96,8455 defective Bastien 101,296 okay Bastien 103,003 defective Bastien 96,0318 defective Bastien 101,994 okay Bastien 100,493 okay Bastien 101,893 okay Bastien 100,025 okay Bastien 103,203 defective Bastien 105,157 defective Bastien 98,0029 okay Bastien 98,6463 okay Bastien 104,489 defective Bastien 100,335 okay Bastien 99,9208 okay Bastien 103,882 defective Bastien 103,376 defective Bastien 100,819 okay Bastien 104,79 defective Conchita 101,448 okay Conchita 98,5842 okay Conchita 99,6324 okay Conchita 100,486 okay Conchita 100,281 okay Conchita 101,421 okay Conchita 101,793 okay Conchita 100,377 okay Conchita 101,247 okay Conchita 100,432 okay Conchita 99,3447 okay Conchita 99,6389 okay Conchita 103,422 defective Conchita 104,606 defective Conchita 100,053 okay Conchita 100,954 okay Conchita 104,749 defective Conchita 102,881 okay Conchita 99,6254 okay Conchita 101,447 okay Conchita 104,41 defective Conchita 102,273 okay Conchita 101,272 okay 224 koala 225 koala 226 koala 227 koala 228 koala 229 koala 230 koala 231 koala 232 koala 233 koala 234 koala 235 koala 236 koala 237 koala 238 koala 239 koala 240 koala Conchita 99,4684 okay Conchita 99,3631 okay Conchita 100,22 okay Conchita 102,027 okay Conchita 98,6739 okay Conchita 102,448 okay Conchita 103,33 defective Conchita 101,79 okay Conchita 100,812 okay Conchita 101,834 okay Conchita 98,7507 okay Conchita 103,544 defective Conchita 100,104 okay Conchita 102,147 okay Conchita 103,524 defective Conchita 104,037 defective Conchita 105,617 defective Scenario. ChocoYum is a company that makes novelty chocolate bars. They have three types of mould that chocolate is poured into to create chocolate bars with different shapes. The company has three employees that work with the moulds. Recently concerns have been raised about an increasing number of misshapen chocolate bars that do not pass quality inspection. Data has been collected on the following attributes of the chocolate bars (see the file ChocoYum.xls). ID MOULD EMPLOYEE An identification number for the chocolate bar The mould used to create the shape of the chocolate bar (frog, koala, or plain) The employee that made the chocolate bar (Avery, Bastien, or Conchita) Weight of the bar in grams If the bar was deemed to pass quality inspection or not WEIGHT QUALITY The manager of ChocoYum is concerned that Bastien's bars have a higher defect rate than either of Avery's or Conchita's. However, it is possible that other variables may impact this finding. Your role is to investigate the data. ID Mould 1 frog 2 frog 3 frog 4 frog 5 frog 6 frog 7 frog 8 frog 9 frog 10 frog 11 frog 12 frog 13 frog 14 frog 15 frog 16 frog 17 frog 18 frog 19 frog 20 frog 21 frog 22 frog 23 frog 24 frog 25 frog 26 frog 27 frog 28 frog 29 frog 30 frog 31 frog 32 frog 33 frog 34 frog 35 frog 36 frog 37 frog 38 frog 39 frog 40 frog 41 frog 42 frog 43 frog 44 frog 45 frog 46 frog 47 frog 48 frog 49 frog 50 frog 51 frog 52 frog 53 frog 54 frog 55 frog 56 frog 57 frog 58 frog 59 frog 60 frog 61 frog 62 frog 63 frog 64 frog 65 frog 66 frog 67 frog 68 frog 69 frog 70 frog 71 frog 72 frog 73 frog 74 frog Employee Weight Quality Avery 102,051 okay Avery 101,276 okay Avery 101,761 okay Avery 100,514 okay Avery 97,0286 okay Avery 99,853 okay Avery 100,873 okay Avery 100,501 okay Avery 100,898 okay Avery 100,001 okay Avery 99,3634 okay Avery 99,2895 okay Avery 99,3035 okay Avery 99,3239 okay Avery 98,5662 okay Avery 102,813 okay Avery 102,956 okay Avery 98,6103 okay Avery 101,32 okay Avery 98,5231 okay Avery 97,8143 okay Avery 100,827 okay Avery 98,2314 okay Avery 99,3918 okay Avery 97,8051 okay Avery 98,5398 okay Avery 100,578 okay Avery 100,365 okay Avery 102,329 okay Avery 99,9662 okay Avery 102,429 okay Avery 98,848 okay Avery 100,597 okay Avery 98,4924 okay Avery 97,6168 okay Avery 95,1932 defective Avery 100,442 okay Avery 100,154 okay Avery 98,6812 okay Avery 98,0295 okay Conchita 97,2576 okay Conchita 98,8357 okay Conchita 100,869 okay Conchita 102,159 okay Conchita 102,696 okay Conchita 102,65 okay Conchita 102,85 okay Conchita 99,5239 okay Conchita 99,5821 okay Conchita 98,2135 okay Conchita 99,215 okay Conchita 100,302 okay Conchita 98,5528 okay Conchita 101,159 okay Conchita 100,346 okay Conchita 102,608 okay Conchita 100,482 okay Conchita 96,0579 defective Conchita 100,066 okay Conchita 98,1011 okay Conchita 97,0513 okay Conchita 99,1086 okay Conchita 99,2148 okay Conchita 95,8368 defective Conchita 97,8471 okay Conchita 102,386 okay Conchita 102,024 okay Conchita 97,6759 okay Conchita 100,174 okay Conchita 102,556 okay Conchita 100,712 okay Conchita 102,725 okay Conchita 100,669 okay Conchita 103,023 defective 75 frog 76 frog 77 frog 78 frog 79 frog 80 frog 81 plain 82 plain 83 plain 84 plain 85 plain 86 plain 87 plain 88 plain 89 plain 90 plain 91 plain 92 plain 93 plain 94 plain 95 plain 96 plain 97 plain 98 plain 99 plain 100 plain 101 plain 102 plain 103 plain 104 plain 105 plain 106 plain 107 plain 108 plain 109 plain 110 plain 111 plain 112 plain 113 plain 114 plain 115 plain 116 plain 117 plain 118 plain 119 plain 120 plain 121 plain 122 plain 123 plain 124 plain 125 plain 126 plain 127 plain 128 plain 129 plain 130 plain 131 plain 132 plain 133 plain 134 plain 135 plain 136 plain 137 plain 138 plain 139 plain 140 plain 141 plain 142 plain 143 plain 144 plain 145 plain 146 plain 147 plain 148 plain 149 plain Conchita Conchita Conchita Conchita Conchita Conchita Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Avery Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien Bastien 100,132 okay 100,76 okay 101,828 okay 100,62 okay 100,69 okay 98,4703 okay 102,173 okay 102,627 okay 106,803 defective 96,6087 defective 97,4839 okay 104,598 defective 102,158 okay 96,9146 defective 99,4873 okay 103,57 defective 99,1283 okay 102,424 okay 98,9275 okay 98,4771 okay 98,8729 okay 102,515 okay 100,559 okay 97,4115 okay 93,0803 defective 104,57 defective 100,092 okay 95,9053 defective 104,704 defective 102,272 okay 99,8695 okay 101,384 okay 94,3665 defective 98,453 okay 98,1104 okay 97,8965 okay 100,954 okay 96,6734 defective 100,005 okay 102,038 okay 101,764 okay 98,3994 okay 101,583 okay 100,244 okay 104,148 defective 100,861 okay 106,218 defective 103,802 defective 97,0369 okay 100,678 okay 100,38 okay 104,423 defective 103,267 defective 98,4824 okay 92,3243 defective 96,1482 defective 101,731 okay 104,904 defective 95,2089 defective 99,9917 okay 98,3294 okay 99,982 okay 99,7112 okay 94,7545 defective 102,926 okay 101,452 okay 101,982 okay 103,941 defective 97,6613 okay 98,896 okay 100,263 okay 97,6936 okay 95,0167 defective 98,2729 okay 104,158 defective 150 plain 151 plain 152 plain 153 plain 154 plain 155 plain 156 plain 157 plain 158 plain 159 plain 160 plain 161 koala 162 koala 163 koala 164 koala 165 koala 166 koala 167 koala 168 koala 169 koala 170 koala 171 koala 172 koala 173 koala 174 koala 175 koala 176 koala 177 koala 178 koala 179 koala 180 koala 181 koala 182 koala 183 koala 184 koala 185 koala 186 koala 187 koala 188 koala 189 koala 190 koala 191 koala 192 koala 193 koala 194 koala 195 koala 196 koala 197 koala 198 koala 199 koala 200 koala 201 koala 202 koala 203 koala 204 koala 205 koala 206 koala 207 koala 208 koala 209 koala 210 koala 211 koala 212 koala 213 koala 214 koala 215 koala 216 koala 217 koala 218 koala 219 koala 220 koala 221 koala 222 koala 223 koala Bastien 97,2794 okay Bastien 102,484 okay Bastien 102,764 okay Bastien 101,509 okay Bastien 95,9998 defective Bastien 100,183 okay Bastien 98,6138 okay Bastien 103,797 defective Bastien 101,084 okay Bastien 98,3797 okay Bastien 100,506 okay Bastien 96,3503 defective Bastien 102,244 okay Bastien 99,3665 okay Bastien 101,568 okay Bastien 99,4843 okay Bastien 101,365 okay Bastien 100,601 okay Bastien 102,246 okay Bastien 102,097 okay Bastien 99,7729 okay Bastien 103,253 defective Bastien 98,335 okay Bastien 100,089 okay Bastien 103,979 defective Bastien 101,509 okay Bastien 97,8217 okay Bastien 100,593 okay Bastien 99,4087 okay Bastien 101,619 okay Bastien 100,217 okay Bastien 102,309 okay Bastien 96,8455 defective Bastien 101,296 okay Bastien 103,003 defective Bastien 96,0318 defective Bastien 101,994 okay Bastien 100,493 okay Bastien 101,893 okay Bastien 100,025 okay Bastien 103,203 defective Bastien 105,157 defective Bastien 98,0029 okay Bastien 98,6463 okay Bastien 104,489 defective Bastien 100,335 okay Bastien 99,9208 okay Bastien 103,882 defective Bastien 103,376 defective Bastien 100,819 okay Bastien 104,79 defective Conchita 101,448 okay Conchita 98,5842 okay Conchita 99,6324 okay Conchita 100,486 okay Conchita 100,281 okay Conchita 101,421 okay Conchita 101,793 okay Conchita 100,377 okay Conchita 101,247 okay Conchita 100,432 okay Conchita 99,3447 okay Conchita 99,6389 okay Conchita 103,422 defective Conchita 104,606 defective Conchita 100,053 okay Conchita 100,954 okay Conchita 104,749 defective Conchita 102,881 okay Conchita 99,6254 okay Conchita 101,447 okay Conchita 104,41 defective Conchita 102,273 okay Conchita 101,272 okay 224 koala 225 koala 226 koala 227 koala 228 koala 229 koala 230 koala 231 koala 232 koala 233 koala 234 koala 235 koala 236 koala 237 koala 238 koala 239 koala 240 koala Conchita 99,4684 okay Conchita 99,3631 okay Conchita 100,22 okay Conchita 102,027 okay Conchita 98,6739 okay Conchita 102,448 okay Conchita 103,33 defective Conchita 101,79 okay Conchita 100,812 okay Conchita 101,834 okay Conchita 98,7507 okay Conchita 103,544 defective Conchita 100,104 okay Conchita 102,147 okay Conchita 103,524 defective Conchita 104,037 defective Conchita 105,617 defective