A bond's ______ is generally $1,000 and represents the amount borrowed from the bond's first purchaser. A bond issuer is said to be in _____ If it does not pay the interest or the principal in accordance with the terms of the indenture agreement or if it violates one or more of the issue's restrictive covenants. A bond contract feature that requires the issuer to retire a specified portion of the bond issue each year is called a A bond's gives the issuer the right to call, or redeem, a bond at specific times and under specific conditions. If the price of the bond is initially discounted and offers no coupon payments, the bond is called a bond. The contract that describes the terms of a borrowing arrangement between a firm that sells a bond issue and the investors who purchase the bonds is called the _____. Issuers can gradually reduce the outstanding balance of a bond issue by using a sinking fund account into which they deposit a specified amount of money each year. To operationalize the sinking fund provision of an indenture, issuers can (1) purchase a portion of the debt in the open market or (2) call the bonds if they contain a call provision. Under what circumstances would a firm be more likely to buy the required number of bonds in the open market as opposed to using one of the other procedures? When interest rates are higher than they were when the bonds were issued When interest rates are lower than they were when the bonds were issued