A computer uses a processor with on$-$board cache that is capable of outputting a completed

instruction every $2$ nanoseconds. The computer has a hard disk with a seek time of $5$ms and

a rotational speed of $7200$rpm$.$ Calculate the minimum instruction throughput shortfall that

occurs while the processor waits for data to be retrieved from virtual memory located on the

hard disk. $($Any additional overheads not specifically mentioned in the question may be

ignored in your calculations.$)$