A. Consider a mine waste facility. The waste is silty sandy gravel and gravelly silty sand coarse rejected from coal washing. The potential disjoint failure modes of the facility are:

1. Culvert runs full, water leaks, saturates downstream toe, and causes slide.
2. Culvert collapses, flow saturates downstream toe, and causes slide.
3. A bigger flood, causes the culvert overflow, saturates fill, and causes slide.
4. Rainfall infiltrates the rock mass and remobilizes slide.
5. Earthquake causes liquefaction.

Based on the hydrology of the catchment, the hydraulics of the culvert, stability analyses and engineering judgment, it is estimated that:

1) the frequency of landsliding of the waste for each one of the failure modes I to IV is 0.0014 per annum.

2) the frequency of landsliding for mode (V) is 0.0014 per annum.

Calculate the frequency of landsliding per annum. Enter the answer to 4 dp with no units.

B. A group of mining companies conducted an empirical study on flyrock in 2500 mine sites. The study showed that, over a period of 10 years, 467 flyrock incidents took place. 117 of these incidents caused injuries and 2 of the 117 injuries were fatal. The probability of flyrock affecting a person at risk is 0.05.

Estimate the probability of fatality given injury.

Provide your answer to 3 dp.

C. A survey finds that the probability a commercial van driver has a passenger in the van is 0.28. Expert opinion indicates that the likelihood of a commercial driver having an accident when the passenger seat is occupied is 0.30 of that of getting into a collision when the passender seat is not occupied.

Given a collision has occurred, what is the probability of the passenger seat in a commercial van was occupied?

Report results to 3 DP.

D. A group of mining companies conducted an empirical study on flyrock in 2355 mine sites. The study showed that, over a period of 10 years, 437 flyrock incidents took place. 106 of these incidents caused injuries and 2 of the 106 injuries were fatal.

Estimate the probability of a fatality associated with a fly rock at a single mine per annum.

Provide your answer to 5 dp.

E. The probability of an earthquake incident at a mine site in a single year is 0.40.

Consider a particular mine site X where 73 employees work 12 hours/day, 329 days/year in the pit and are therefore in the exposure zone of the incident. For people in the exposure zone there is a 0.10 probability that an earthquake incident will result in injury.

What is the probability that there is injury from earthquake on that site in a year?

Enter your answer to 3 dp.

F.

Examine the Continuous probability consequence diagram attached. Continuous probability consequence diagram A EB C 0.1 E D (per year) Expected frequency 0.01 B 0.001 0.0001 + 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Consequence severity (arbitrary unit) Which one of the following options is the closest estimate for the mean expected frequency per year of event F? O A. One event every 100 years O B. One event every 10000 years O c. One event every 1000 years O D. None of the above O E. 1 event every 10 yearsExamine the F-N curve figure from de Vasconcelos et al, 2015 'F-N curves: preliminary estimation of sever accident risks after Fukishima'. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? 1x100 (a) OECD 1x10-2 1x10-3 Coal. Hydro . 1x10+[ Natural Gas Ix10-4 Nuclear (PSA, latent fatalities) 1x10-4 1x10- Frequency of events causing X or more fatalities per GW.yr 1x100 (b) non-OECD Coal China 1994-99 1x10-2 LPG 1x10-3 Nuclear (Chernobyl, -Hydro immediate fatalities) 1x10+ Nuclear (Chernobyl Natural Gas Coal wip China latent fatal tips) 1x10-5 1x10- 1x10-7 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Fatalities. X O A LPG risks in OECD countries are an order of magnitude lower than in non-OECD countries. O B. LPG has the highest historical frequencies of severe accidents of all energy chains in OECD countries O C. Historically, the frequency of fatality events in natural gas in non-OECD countries is less than oil. D. Historically, the frequency of major accident event (fatalities > 100) is greater in coal than in LPG in OECD countries