a) Construct a boxplot for the annual expenditures variable. Does the boxplot suggest that outliers exist?

• No outliers exist.
• An outlier exists in the upper part of the distribution.
• An outlier exists in the lower part of the distribution.
• Outliers exist in both the lower and upper part of the distribution.

b) Use z-scores to determine if there are any outliers for the annual expenditures variable.

• z-score for the minimum observation:
• z-score for the maximum observation:

c) The z-scores for the minimum and maximum observations suggest that:

• an outlier exists in the upper part of the distribution.

• an outlier exists in the lower part of the distribution.

• outliers exist in both the lower and upper part of the distribution.

• no outliers exist.

d) Which of the following statements is most accurate with respect to outliers in this example?

• The boxplot is more reliable because the distribution is not symmetric.

• The z-scores are more reliable because the distribution is not symmetric.

• The z-scores are more reliable because the distribution is symmetric.

• The boxplot and z-scores provide consistent results.

Customer 1 Expenditures 1272 1089 2 3 1169 4 1161 5 1286 6 6 7 8 9 10 1178 658 1685 587 1284 1786 1379 1617 1485 11 12 13 14 15 1609 1612 16 17 18 19 20 1290 715 1261 1249 931 21 1319 1246 1130 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1271 1627 1625 29 30 31 1565 2026 1078 751 645 1351 1664 887 32 33 34 35 1091 36 37 38 1203 899 1165 1573 39 40 41 994 42 1937 43 1456 44 1166 45 46 47 48 49 50 1269 1289 1067 1625 805 1462 1653 1942 942 1713 1621 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 1472 1274 1378 1272 1142 1175 1412 1493 774 597 991 926 467 1578 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 1797 71 72 1798 1604 1586 1169 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 1375 1344 1436 2116 1321 1237 1665 1564 1127 1673 1094 1180 1781 1606 1185 1515 1383 1494 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 892 878 1487 1039 934 1153 1561 1389