A cross sectional study is carried out to examine whether navy personnel of a higher rank have more positive coping skills than those of a lower rank.Which of the following statement is true of the study?

a. the independent variable is coping and the dependent variable is high rank.

b. neither variable is dependent as the reasercher cannot manupulate them

c. the independent variable is coping and the dependent variable is low rank

d. the independent variable is rank and the dependent variable is coping skills

2. which of the following is a statement of a null hypothesis ?

a. As a result of 300mg day of the ABC drug, there will be no significant difference in depression.

b.As a result of 300mg day of the ABC drug, there will be a significant decrease in depression

c. As a result of 300mg day of the AVC drug, there will be no depression in the treated group.

d. As a result of 300mg day of ABC drug, there will be a significant increase or a significant decrease in depression.