a$.$ Determine graphically the Equal error rate $($EER$)$ of the system.

b$.$ Suggest and justify a threshold setting which might be suitable when using the system to control physical access to a University Teaching Laboratory.

$\backslash$table$[[\backslash$theta $,$FRR$,$FAR$],[1,1\mathrm{.}3,23\mathrm{.}0],[2,1\mathrm{.}4,14\mathrm{.}6],[3,1\mathrm{.}6,9\mathrm{.}0],[4,1\mathrm{.}8,6\mathrm{.}2],[5,2\mathrm{.}0,4\mathrm{.}6],[6,2\mathrm{.}2,3\mathrm{.}4],[7,2\mathrm{.}6,2\mathrm{.}8],[8,3\mathrm{.}0,2\mathrm{.}4],[9,3\mathrm{.}6,2\mathrm{.}0],[10,4\mathrm{.}5,1\mathrm{.}8],[12,5\mathrm{.}4,1\mathrm{.}7],[13,6\mathrm{.}4,1\mathrm{.}5]]$

Biometric Cryptosystem is the approaches for protecting the biometric database templates from the hacker attacks. Briefly explain how this technique is applied and outline its strength compared to Standard Encryption, Feature Transformation techniques.

As any other system and technology, the biometric technology has its vulnerabilities. As a security expert in biometrics, briefly describe the five $(5)$ common loopholes which attract adversary $($System Hacker$)$ to subvert the biometric system.

JTC $1/$SC $37$ developed standards have received widespread international and national market acceptance. Large international organizations, such as the International Civil Aviation Organization $($ICAO$)$ for Machine Readable Travel Documents $($MRTD$)$ and the International Labour Office $($ILO$)$ of the United Nations for the verification and identification of seafarers, specify in their requirements the use of some of the international biometric standards developed by JTC $1/$SC $37.$ The ISO$/$IEC JTC $1/$SC $37$ is made up of six working groups $($WGs$),$ each of which carries out specific tasks in standards development within the field of biometrics. Briefly, describes the focus of each working group.

Write short notes on each of the following.

i$.$ Is Template Data Encrypted Data?

ii$.$ Is A Photo A Bio$-$metric?

iii. Are Biometrics A Threat to Privacy?

iv$.$ Zero effort Attack

$5$