a$)$ Draw and explain the characteristics curve for a pump.

b$)$ A tall water tank $(=998K\frac{g}{m^3})$ discharges through a well$-$rounded

orifice to hit a plate, as shown in Figure $3\mathrm{.}1$ below. Determine the

depth $h$ of the water tank if the force $F$ required holding the plate is $160$

$N$ and friction head loss $(hf)$ between points $1$ and $2$ is $0\mathrm{.}5m.$

c$)$ The elevated water tank shown in Figure $2\mathrm{.}1$ below is being drained to

an underground storage location through a $300mm$ diameter pipe. The

flow rate is $0\mathrm{.}2\frac{m^3}{sec},$ and the total head loss is $3\mathrm{.}5m.$ Determine the

water surface elevation in the tank if the centre of drained pipe is

located $2m$ below the ground.