a$.$ Explain the reasons for using compression reinforcement in flexural design by drawing appropriate figures.

b$.$ Give information about the upper limit of shear force for beams $V_{\text{r}\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}=0\mathrm{.}22f_{cd}{b}_{w}d$ by drawing appropriate figures.

c$.$ Explain the balanced state of a beam subjected to simple bending by drawing appropriate figures.

d$.$ Explain the reasons of the minimum ${}_{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}=0\mathrm{.}8\frac{f_{ctd}}{f_{yd}}$ and maximum ${}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}=0\mathrm{.}85{}_b$ tensile reinforcement limits at beams in flexure

by drawing appropriate figures.