$($a$)$ Formulate Jake$$s problem as a minimum cost flow problem $($Transshipment problem$)$ and draw the network for his problem. Identify the supply and demand nodes for the network. $($b$)$ Which currency transactions must Jake perform in order to convert the investments from yen, rupiah, and ringgit into U$.$S$.$ dollars to ensure that Grant Hill Associates has the maximum dollar amount after all transactions have occurred? How much money does Jake have to invest in U$.$S$.$ bonds? $($c$)$ The World Trade Organization forbids transaction limits because they promote protectionism. If no transaction limits exist, what method should Jake use to convert Asian holdings from the respective currencies into dollars? Table $1$: Currency exchange rates Yen Rupaih Ringgit U$.$S$.$ Dollar Canadian Dollar Euro Pound Peso Japanese Yen $1500\mathrm{.}040\mathrm{.}0080\mathrm{.}010\mathrm{.}00640\mathrm{.}00480\mathrm{.}0768$ Indonesian Rupiah $10\mathrm{.}00080\mathrm{.}000160\mathrm{.}00020\mathrm{.}0001280\mathrm{.}0000960\mathrm{.}001536$ Malaysian ringgit $10\mathrm{.}20\mathrm{.}250\mathrm{.}160\mathrm{.}121\mathrm{.}92$ U$.$S$.$ Dollar $11\mathrm{.}250\mathrm{.}80\mathrm{.}69\mathrm{.}6$ Canadian Dollar $10\mathrm{.}640\mathrm{.}487\mathrm{.}68$ European Euro $10\mathrm{.}7512$ English Pound $116$ Mexican peso $1.$ Table $2$: Transaction cost, percent Yen Rupaih Ringgit U$.$S$.$ Dollar Canadian Dollar Euro Pound Peso Japanese Yen $-0\mathrm{.}50\mathrm{.}50\mathrm{.}40\mathrm{.}40\mathrm{.}40\mathrm{.}250\mathrm{.}5$ Indonesian Rupiah $-0\mathrm{.}70\mathrm{.}50\mathrm{.}30\mathrm{.}30\mathrm{.}750\mathrm{.}75$ Malaysian ringgit $-0\mathrm{.}70\mathrm{.}70\mathrm{.}40\mathrm{.}450\mathrm{.}5$ U$.$S$.$ Dollar $-0\mathrm{.}050\mathrm{.}10\mathrm{.}10\mathrm{.}1$ Canadian Dollar $-0\mathrm{.}20\mathrm{.}10\mathrm{.}1$ European Euro $-0\mathrm{.}050\mathrm{.}5$ English Pound $-0\mathrm{.}5$ Mexican peso $-$ Table $3$: Transaction limits in equivalent of $1,000$ dollars Yen Rupaih Ringgit U$.$S$.$ Dollar Canadian Dollar Euro Pound Peso Japanese Yen $-5000500020002000200020004000$ Indonesian Rupiah $5000-20002002001000500200$ Malaysian ringgit $30004500-15001500250010001000.($d$)$ In response to WTO$$s mandate forbidding transaction limits$,$ the Indonesian government introduces a new tax that leads to an increase of transaction costs for transaction of rupiah by $500$ percent to protect their currency. Given these new transaction costs but no transaction limits$,$ what currency transactions should Jake perform in order to convert the Asian holdings from the respective currencies into dollars $($e$)$ Jake realizes that his analysis is incomplete because he has not included all aspects that might influence his planned currency exchanges. Describe other factors that Jake should examine before he makes his final decision.