A forward feed double-effect evaporator is required to concentrate an orange juice mixture from 11% to 60 % using steam at 195 kPa. The feed enters at 1 350 kg/hr at 302 K and the first effect is operated at 80 kPa. Additional information:

Cp is taken to be 4.18 kJ/kg.K

Boiling point rise can be neglected

V1=V2

The overall heat transfer coefficients are as follows:

First effect= 2.8 kW/m2.K Second effect= 2.8 kW/m2.K

2.1. Draw a diagram of this process, showing all streams and define the applicable operating conditions for each effect.

2.2. Calculate the required steam consumption.

2.3. Calculate the steam economy.