A functional organizational structure is

• one that is organized in a line and staff configuration where administrative staff supervises line employees.

• one that is organized around the major components of a firms value chain.

• one that is organized around market, customer, product, or geographic lines with a central corporate headquarters.

• one that is organized along two or more dimensions (e.g., business, geographic area, value chain functions).

• one that is referred to as divisional structures or M-forms.