A hydrostatic head of 2 m is maintained 0.6-m-deep bed of filter sand. The sand is uniformly sized with diameter 0.4 mm, specific gravity 2.65, and shape factor 0.85. Determine the flow rate through the bed if the water temperature is 150C. The porosity is 0.4. 

Determine the backwash velocity at which the filter bed will just begin to fluidize. The filter bed is to be expanded to 1.6 times its original depth during backwash. Determine the required backwash rate (m/h) assuming a water temperature of 20C.

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