Question: A instructor wants to examine the relationship between first-year students' reported level of data literacy (Poor, Average, Good and Excellent) and their binned grade in

A instructor wants to examine the relationship between first-year students' reported level of data literacy (Poor, Average, Good and Excellent) and their binned grade in the course (51-70%, 71-80%, 81-90% and 91-100%). He surveys a random sample of students and runs a statistical test using software that produces the following output:

A instructor wants to examine the relationship between first-year students' reported level

51-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 Total CurrentDataLit Average Count 10 22 31 66 Expected Count 6.1 17.2 32.5 10.1 66.0 Standardized Residual 1.6 1.2 -.3 -2.2 Excellent Count 13 7 21 Expected Count 2.0 5.5 10.4 3.2 21.0 Standardized Residual -.7 -2.3 .8 2.1 Good Count 32 61 22 122 Expected Count 11.3 31.8 60.1 18.7 122.0 Standardized Residual -1.3 0 1 8 Poor Count 2 2 6 Expected Count .6 1.6 3.0 .9 6.0 Standardized Residual 1.9 .3 -1.1 1 Total Count 20 56 106 33 215 Expected Count 20.0 56.0 106.0 33.0 215.0

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