A ________ is a belief that some condition is preferable to its opposite. need want goal value The sales goals set for company division or product lines are referred as sales quota production quota demand potential marketing expense quota Freelancers and fans film their own commercials for their favorite products and post them on Web sites. This is referred to as ________. mass customization marketing consumer-generated content performance marketing mobile marketing "In terms of consumption decisions, middle class consumers prefer to _________" Buy at a market that sells at a whole sale rates Buy what is popular Buy only the brands which sell at affordable prices Analyze the market and select the best at the lowest prices Which of the following is a situation in which consumer behavior occurs? communications situation purchase situation usage situation all of the above Any individual who purchases goods and services from the market for his/her end-use is called a Customer Purchaser Consumer All these "A company that makes an effort to interact with customers on a regular basis, giving them reasons to bond with the company, has no need for relationship marketing." True False "Through the process of ________, people try to affect what others think of them by strategically choosing clothing and other products." impression management self-extension self-image congruence symbolic self-completion The ________ summarizes the beliefs a person holds about his own attributes and how he evaluates the self on these qualities. actual self extended self self-image self-concept Ameer Javaid lives, eats, and breathes Cricket. His favorite team is the Multan Sultan. His home looks like a Multan Sultan's gift shop and museum. Ameer's extended self is on the ________ level." family individual community group A consumer who scores high on a scale of ________ is likely to express more interest in clothing and personal grooming products than someone who scores lower on the same scale. self-concept intensity public self-consciousness sexual dimorphic markers sex-typed traits Which of the following best defines what is implied by the symbolic self-completion theory? Consumers with low self-esteem tend to buy products that violate their self-concept. Consumers who have an incomplete self-definition tend to buy products that complete their identity. Consumers delay purchases that conform to their actual self-image until their self-concept is consistent with their social self. Consumers select products that conform to their self-image through a process that is largely subconscious. "________ roughly means whole, pattern, or configuration; this perspective is best summarized by the saying ""The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.""" Freudian traits analysis Marshallian psychology Gestalt Hobbesian pattern analysis "When a gas station blows ""fresh coffee smell"" around the gas pumps to tempt customers to come inside for a cup, the gas station is using a form of ________ marketing to influence customers." one-on-one subliminal differentiated sensory "When Jane shops, she must feel the fabric of any potential clothing buy before she even bothers to see what the design is. She has a high need to touch. Which sense system is important to Jane in her clothing shopping?" visual basic orientation haptic liminal "Marketer communicate meanings on ____________ through a product's color, size, and styling" visual channel Audio Channel Sensory Channel Audio Watermarking "The average adult is exposed to about 3,500 pieces of advertising information every single day, far more information than they can or are willing to process. Consumers who are exposed to more information than they can process are in a state of ________." advertising bombardment sensory overload sensory shifting perceptual hyperactivity Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages of the process of perception? reception awareness perception sensation "A billboard is positioned beside a busy highway. However, the merchant that has purchased the billboard complains that no response is being generated by his advertising message. Upon closer inspection, the billboard company determines that the typeface used is too small to be effectively read by a motorist going 60+ mph on the highway. Which of the following sensory thresholds would be most appropriate to explain the failure of this advertisement to connect with motorists?" the intensity threshold the differential threshold the absolute threshold the relative threshold Young teenage girls are very heavy users of makeup (especially eye shadow). Though the size of this market is smaller than the larger adult market, marketers have learned that the consumption pattern is very heavy and that these young women experiment with many varieties of products. This market is most likely being governed by which of the following?" the 80/20 rule the pyramid principle the derived demand rule the surrogate buyer principle Age, education, income, occupation, family size, and stage in the life cycle are all illustrations of which of the following lifestyle dimensions?" Activities Interests Demographics Opinions ________ refers to a person's unique psychological makeup and how it consistently influences the way a person responds to his or her environment. Lifestyle Beliefs Personality AIO inventory In the 1950s, a perspective called ________ research attempted to use Freudian ideas to understand the deeper meanings of products and advertisements." psychic archetype motivational lifestyle "A drug stores private brand of shampoo might be deliberately packaged in a bottle that resembles a name brand (e.g., Pantene) in that hope that the consumer assumes this "me-too" product has the same characteristics as the name brand and buys it because of its lower price. This is an example of ___________." Negative reinforcement Stimulus discrimination Operant conditioning Stimulus generalization Sometimes we learn the hard way not to repeat some behaviors, in other words when unpleasant events follow a response." Punishment attitude adjustment False belief reinforcement Under this conditions, people tend to respond slowly right after they get reinforced, but their responses get faster as the time for the next reinforcement approaches." Fixed-interval reinforcement Variable-interval reinforcemen Fixed-ratio reinforcemen Variable-ratio reinforcement Learning by trial and error is called ______. classical conditioning operant conditioning positive reinforcement None of the other Imitating the behaviour of others is known as masking. True False The use of smoke coming out of static tea images is an example of Instrumental Conditioning Classical Conditioning Negative Reinforcement Family Branding Positive Reinforcement and Negative reinforcement both strengthen the response. True False