A large building is to be constructed. Since some sensitive instruments will be stored in the building,

post$-$construction settlement needs to be minimized. To achieve this, precompression will be

performed. The average effective vertical stress at the middle of the clay layer is $180k\frac{N}{m^3}.$ The large

building is estimated to cause a stress increase of $110k\frac{N}{m^3}.$ The thickness of the clay layer is $8m.$

The initial void ratio is $0\mathrm{.}85.$ The compression index and the swell index are equal to $0\mathrm{.}30$ and $0\mathrm{.}06,$

respectively. The coefficient of consolidation is $0\mathrm{.}015\frac{m^2}{\text{d}\text{a}\text{y}}.$ The clay is normally consolidated and

has double drainage.

$($i$)$ Find the total settlement due to primary consolidation of the clay layer $($due to the building load$)$

without precompression.

$($ii$)$ Suppose that the precompression is conducted by placing a temporary fill at the construction site.

After a target settlement $($e$.$g$.$ the amount of total settlement due to primary consolidation caused

by the construction large building$)$ has been reached $($in a specified period of time$),$ all of the

temporary fill will be removed and the building will be constructed. $[$Note that this is slightly

different from the Das Example $12\mathrm{.}22,$ in which part of the fill was used as the highway

embankment. Also, in reality, if there is excavation of soil due to the construction of the

foundation and basement, the settlement can also be reduced.$]$

Determine the required load from the temporary fill such that the settlement in $($i$)$ can be

completed in $1$ year. Remember that the temporary fill would be completely removed before the

placement of the building.