A large commercial airline experiences a issues over time, each one considered preventable in isolation. However, the accumulation of these seemingly insignificant events eventually leads to a catastrophic accident, highlighting the potential for normal accidents in complex systems.

Which of the following concepts is central to Normal Accidents Theory $($NAT$)$ and best explains the occurrence of the airline accident in this scenario?

The failure of organizations to adequately identify and mitigate latent organizational factors that contribute to accidents

The occurrence of accidents as a result of rare, unforeseen events that fall outside the realm of normal operations

The inevitability of accidents in complex systems due to their inherent complexity and tight coupling