(a) Let X be an (n p) data matrix in which each row corresponds to a p- variate measurement on one of n individuals. Assuming that the p variates are continuous variables describe three possible measures of dissimilarity of pairs of individuals. Comment on their relative advantages and disadvantages. [3] (b) What four properties must be satisfied for a dissimilarity function to be a metric dissimilarity coefficient? [2] The values of four binary variables are measured for each of four individuals as follows: Individual Variable 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 0 1 0 1 Construct a dissimilarity matrix for the four individuals using (i) the simple matching coefficient and (ii) Jaccards coefficient. [4] If Srt denotes the simple matching coefficient show that drt = 1 Srt is a metric dissimilarity coefficien