A magnet moving through a coil disrupts the magnetic field, creating an electric current. This disruption is called changing magnetic flux. As the magnet enters the coil, the flux increases, inducing a voltage peak (often shown as positive depending on sensor connection). This is the "incoming flux" stage. Conversely, when the magnet exits, the flux decreases, inducing another voltage peak (often shown as negative depending on sensor connection). This is the "outgoing flux" stage. The polarity (positive or negative) of these peaks depends on the magnet's orientation and how the sensor is connected to the coil.