Question: . A multibarrier approach is used in a direct - filtration water treatment facility to achieve the 3 - log removal / inactivation of giardia

. A multibarrier approach is used in a direct-filtration water treatment facility to achieve the 3-log
removal/inactivation of giardia cysts. Pre-ozone and chloramines are to be used as a primary and
secondary disinfectant, respectively. Assuming an ozone dose is used that will inactivate 45% of the
cysts, what % inactivation must be achieved by chloramination? What will be the resulting CT
requirements for chloramines if pH =8 and temperature of 0.5oC?

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