A non$-$GIS table $($eg text, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet$)$ of data can provide detailed information on things such as world country population, amount of nitrates in groundwater samples, and nature of crimes at locations in a city. An important spatial limitation of these pon spatial databases of information isThe information in the tables can change rapidly quickly rendering this format of data representation relevantThe amount of data can in these tables can be overwhelming and thus difficult to scroll through and understand.One needs to have Microsoft Excel or another expensive spreadsheet software program to process the dataO in general, a person looking at the table cannot readily get a good sense of the relative diferences of the data according to where things are located