A pH transfer function in Figure $1$ shows that as the pH of the solution increases, the voltage produced by the pH $-$measuring electrode decreases. This is one of the static characteristics of an instrument.

Figure $1$ pH electrode transfer function

$1$

KKKL$3113$

a$.$ State and describe the static characteristic as shown in Figure $1.$

$(4$ Marks$)$

b$.$ Determine the output range of this pH electrode at $25C?$

$(2$ Marks$)$