Question: A professor is interested in studying how sleep influences exam performance. She instructs her students to sleep for 8 hours before exam 1, to sleep

A professor is interested in studying how sleep influences exam performance. She instructs her students to sleep for 8 hours before exam 1, to sleep for 4 hours before exam 2, and to not sleep at all before exam 3 and then compares exam scores.

1. How many levels are there for the independent variable? a) none b)1 c)2 d) 3

2. What is the confound?

3. How could the confound be fixed?

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