A quasi-federal system is defined as a system in which the power to pass and implement legislation is distributed between the national government and provincial governments but in which the power of provincial governments is limited.2 However, it can be argued that this definition does not go far enough to properly explain South Africa's system of multi-sphere government. With specific reference to the case of City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality v Afriforum & Another 2016 (6) SA 279 (CC) as well as relevant parts of the Constitution and any other applicable case law, explain what is different about South Africa's system of multi-sphere governance. Which fundamental principles, doctrines or theories are not expressly included in this definition?