${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{a}re\text{r}\text{e}\text{s}\text{p}\text{o}\text{n}\text{s}\text{i}\text{b}\text{l}\text{e}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}supervising\text{f}\text{r}\text{o}\text{n}\text{t}\text{l}\text{i}\text{n}\text{e}\text{e}\text{m}\text{p}\text{l}\text{o}\text{y}\text{e}\text{e}\text{s}\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{c}\text{a}\text{r}\text{r}\text{y}\text{o}\text{u}\text{t}\text{d}\text{a}\text{y}-to-\text{d}\text{a}\text{y}\text{a}\text{c}\text{t}\text{i}\text{v}\text{i}\text{t}\text{i}\text{e}\text{s}\text{w}\text{i}\text{t}\text{h}\text{i}\text{n}\text{d}\text{e}\text{p}\text{a}\text{r}\text{t}\text{m}\text{e}\text{n}\text{t}\text{s}\text{.}}$

${?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}$ are responsible for supervising frontline employees and carry out day$-to-$day activities within departments.

$a.$ Executive managers

$b.$ First$-$line managers

$c.$ Middle Managers

$d.$ Systems Management

$e.$ Rank$-$and$-$file employees