Question: A recent study reported a significant association (OR= 4.8) between pancreatic cancer and smoking. Suppose that when stratified by education level, OR was 4.7 among

A recent study reported a significant association (OR= 4.8) between pancreatic cancer and smoking. Suppose that when stratified by education level, OR was 4.7 among high education level and 4.9 among low education level. Is this association between pancreatic cancer and smoking effect-modified by education level? Please briefly explain your

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