a) Reliant Chemical utilizes multiple centrifugal process pumps to transfer liquids between vessels in an intensive chemical production process. Operators have reported several recent incidents of reduced pump discharge flowrates triggering shutdown alarms and process delays. Maintenance inspections have not uncovered clear mechanical causes for the flow disruptions. As a reliability consultant, you have been asked to construct a detailed fault tree analysis to model the interconnected subsystems, equipment faults, and process deviations that could contribute to triggering the low pump flow alarms. Construct a fault tree analysis for Reliant Chemical's pumped transfer process focused on identifying causal pathways leading to unplanned pump flow disruptions. In your overview: i. Diagram a complete fault tree model showing major contributory branches ii. For at least 5 contributing factors, calculate the probability of that subsystem fault using provided historical equipment & process reliability data Outline both qualitative and quantitative insights gained regarding vulnerabilities from your fault tree analysis Describe how this FTA could inform recommendations to improve reliability by reducing flow alarm trips iii. iv. Relevant Data: i. ii. iii. iv. Pump mechanical failure rate: 2 failures annually Value stuck closed probability: 9% Controller failure rate: 1 failure per 18 months Operator error incidence: 13% Please clearly identify any assumptions made. The focus should be a properly scoped fault tree analysis combined with representative calculations to uncover reliability improvement opportunities for the chemical pumping process. [15 oukal