A software quality assurance associate is testing two modules in an application on a web server. One module generates data and the other reads data. However, whenever data is being generated, as soon as the module that reads data is initiated, the application crashes. Which of the following is most likely to be causing the problem?

a$.$ Dereferencing a pointer with a NULL value.

b$.$ A cross$-$site scripting condition that was not sanitized.

c$.$ An unauthorized directory traversal injection condition.

d$.$ A cross$-$site request forgery condition with weak input validation.