a$)$ State at least three real transactions that managers use in the manipulation of cash flows. $(6$ Marks$)$

b$)$ Manipulating accruals is a preferred method by managers. Provide examples of management decisions that may increase profits.

$(8$Marks$)$

c$)$ Explain why the discussion of the "usefulness of accounting information" is focused mainly on investors and creditors. What is your view on this? $(5$Marks$)$

d$)$ The question that has often been asked is $"$Is there a need for a conceptual framework to underlie financial accounting information when accounting is a highly practical discipline?" Discuss. $(6$Marks$)$