Question: A) state null and alternative hypotheses B) give test statistic and p valueC) why can we infer a causal relationship from the results? Physician's Health

A) state null and alternative hypotheses B) give test statistic and p valueC) why can we infer a causal relationship from the results?

Physician's Health Study In the Physician's Health Study, 22,071 male physicians participated in a study to determine whether taking a daily low-dose aspirin reduced the risk of heart attacks. The men were randomly assigned to two groups and the study was double-blind. After five years, 104 of the 1 1,037 men taking a daily low dose aspirin had had a heart attack while 189 of the 11,034 men taking a placebo had had a heart attack. Does taking a daily low-dose aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? 1"Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians' Health Study. Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group", New England Journal of Medicine, 1989 Jul 20; 321(3): 129-135. (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses. Use subscripts 1 for the treatment group (taking the daily low-dose aspirin) and 2 for the control group (taking a placebo)

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