Question: a) State three (3) commercial applications for ultra-filtration technology. [3] b) Explain what is meant by the term concentration polarisation? Explain how its occurrence affects

a) State three (3) commercial applications for ultra-filtration technology. [3] b)

a) State three (3) commercial applications for ultra-filtration technology. [3] b) Explain what is meant by the term concentration polarisation? Explain how its occurrence affects the profitability of a membrane separation facility [8] c) Explain, with the use of diagrams if necessary, the effect of increasing operating pressure on the rate of solvent produced by ultra-filtration [4]

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