A strategic alliance

Question $39$ options:

involves two or more companies joining forces to enter foreign markets and collaborate closely to boost their chances of long$-$term competitive success in these newly$-$entered markets.

is a collaborative arrangement where companies join forces to operate joint production facilities and thereby reduce their respective production costs.

is a formal agreement between two or more separate companies in which there is strategically relevant collaboration of some sort, joint contribution of resources, shared risk, shared control, and mutual dependence.

is a partnership between two or more companies that is typically intended to make them totally independent and self$-$sufficient with regard to each and every skill, resource, and capability they may need to operate more cost$-$effectively.

is a collaborative arrangement between $2$ or more companies that aims at speeding either the introduction of next$-$generation products or the development of an important new technology.