a variable interest entity (VIE) is a structure frequently utilized by US companies for the off-balance sheet financing of assets because of the relative ease in which it can be formed and the small amount of capital required to be invested by the equity holders. VIEs have become quite numerous in recent years and have also been the subject of some controversy. Briefly explain what "off-balance sheet financing" means. Identify three different techniques used to keep debt off the balance sheet. What are some legitimate uses of VIEs? How might a company utilize one or more VIEs to manage earnings to meet financial reporting goals? Is this practice legal? Is it ethical? Why?