a. What is API? How does API facilitate programmers and system architects?

b. What is image metadata? Give three examples of image metadata.

c. Define fetch and Execute Cycles (I.e: Functions of these cycles what it fetches and what it executes)

d. What is Stored Program Concept?

e. What is ALU and CU within the CPU?

f. Define Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex Line

g. What is a Middleware?

h. What are the functions of MAR, MDR, IR, PC registers

i. Define RAM & ROM and what are the differences between them

j. What is a BUS?

k. You have a Database Server, Business Rule Application Server, Main Applicatoin Server and Clients access your system over the web. What tier category this system falls under? (value of n is required)

l. What is the difference between Static and Dynamic RAM? How many bits are in 3 bytes?

Q2. Solve the following problem: 10 Pts Pre-Execution state of Register/Memory Location values:

PC: 35

Memory Location	Value
35	901 (INPUT) [Assume user inputs 500 from keyboard]
36	181 (ADD 81)
37	383 (STORE 83)
38	901 (INPUT) [Assume user inputs 901 from keyboard]
39	583 (SUBTRACT 83)
40	902 (OUTPUT A)
41	HALT
81	400
82	000
83	000

* Note: 901 and 902 are instruction for input and output contents of Accumulator.

The following code is executed. Compute the result. Show the values of the registers in each of the following step. Mark Fetch/Execute Cycles within the code. Write a summary on what this program does.

Instruction: 901 (Input)

PC -> MAR MDR -> IR IOR -> A

PC+1 -> PC

Instruction: ADD 81

PC -> MAR MDR -> IR

IR[address] -> MAR

A+MDR -> A

PC +1 -> PC

Instruction: STORE 83

PC -> MAR MDR -> IR IR[address] -> MAR

A -> MDR PC+1 -> PC

Instruction: 901 (Input)

PC -> MAR MDR -> IR IOR -> A

PC+1 -> PC

Instruction: SUBTRACT 83

PC -> MAR MDR -> IR

IR[address] -> MAR

A-MDR -> A

PC+1 -> PC

Instruction: 902 (OUTPUT A)

PC -> MAR MDR -> IR

A -> IOR

PC+1 -> PC

// This is the halt instruction. Assume the content on that memory location is HALT and the system knows to halt the program when that instruction is loaded.

PC -> MAR MDR -> IR

WHAT IS DISPLAYED AS THE FINAL ANSWER? __________

Q3. What is the largest unsigned integer that can be stored using a 12 bit number? Explain how you derived the number. 5 pts

Q4. Compute the following by using six digit 10s complement. Convert the result to sign and magnitude (i.e its real decimal form) if necessary. Convert the final result to HEX.

10 pts

-13565 + 9123 ---------------------

Q5. a) Add the following two 12 bit binary 2s complement numbers. Convert the result into decimal.

b) Convert both numbers into decimal, add the converted decimal numbers and obtain the result.

c) Is answers for a) and b) are matching? (They should)

Use sign and magnitude representation when necessary. 10 pts

111000111011 11011101101 -----------------------

Q6: a) Describe the features and an example of Lossy and Lossless Compression.

b) Describe the relationship between MAR, Address Decoder and MDR 5 PTS

Q7: Analyze the following program. When run, what does this program do? Your friend reviews the code and telling you there is a bug in the code. Can you identify the bug? What can you do to fix it? 5 PTS

PC: 35

Memory Location	Value
35	901 (INPUT)
36	381 (STORE 81)
37	901 (INPUT)
38	382 (STORE 82)
39	581 (LDA 81)
39	282 (SUB 82)
40	383 (STORE 83)
41	747 (BRZ 47)
42	845 (BRP 45)
43	582 (LDA 82)
44	902 (OUTPUT A)
45	581 (LDA 81)
46	902 (OUTPUT A)
47	549 (LDA 49)
48	902 (OUTPUT A)
49	HALT
81	000
82	000
83	000

Q8. A CPUs instruction format is described below: 5 pts

Bits Bits

|0 --------- 7|8 ----------24|

Opcode Operand

How many Opcodes (total) this machine can handle?

How many (total) memory locations (assuming operand is holding memory locations) can this machine address?

Q9. A company has been assigned the net address 230.224.129.0. The net administrator

wants to introduce 6 subnets for the companys 6 departments. 10 pts

a) How many subnetid bits does he need to use?

b) What will be the subnet mask?

b) calculate the corresponding subnetwork address, direct broadcast address

Q.10: The following scenario is showing an execution of a subroutine program. Fill out the values that should go in the STACK on each step 5 pts

1

. .

.

82 Beginning of Subroutine

.

.

.

88 CALL 82

89

95 RETURN

82 Beginning of Subroutine

.

.

.

88 CALL 82

89

95 RETURN

. . .

. . .

45 CALL 82 46 next instruction after subroutine completes

45 CALL 82 46 next instruction after subroutine completes

82 Beginning of Subroutine

.

.

.

88 CALL 82

89

95 RETURN

82 Beginning of Subroutine

.

.

.

88 CALL 82

89

95 RETURN

45 CALL 82 46 next instruction after subroutine completes

2nd subroutine call from location 88 (within subroutine)

Subroutine Call from LOC 45

45 CALL 82

46 next instruction after subroutine completes